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AD: Shocked! The peak value of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 began to decline 41 years before the deposition of brain Aβ!

 AD: Shocked! The peak value of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 began to decline 41 years before the deposition of brain Aβ! Alzheimer's diseases: New discovery on plasma Aβ42/Aβ40.  AD: Shocked! The peak value of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 began to decline 41 years before the deposition of brain Aβ! Amyloid β (Aβ) plaque deposition and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein tangles are two important pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there are many kinds of AD biomarkers derived around them, Knowledge of the longitudinal trajectories of key markers could not only help improve the selection and monitoring of participants in clinical trials, but also help identify those at high risk for neurodegenerative changes and cognitive impairment.   Although research on AD biomarkers has increased substantially in recent years, research on longitudinal changes in biomarkers is relatively limited. Studies have shown that the levels of plasma Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 , p-tau181 and glial fibrillary acidic...

Europe publishes guidelines for measuring blood pressure: Advocating blood pressure measurement at home, you have to know these things!

Europe publishes guidelines for measuring blood pressure: Advocating blood pressure measurement at home, you have to know these things! 





Europe publishes guidelines for measuring hypertension. 


Promote blood pressure measurement at home


At present, blood pressure measurement mainly includes office blood pressure measurement, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and home blood pressure monitoring. Recently, the European Society of Hypertension released the "2021 Practice Guidelines for Blood Pressure Measurement in Clinics and Outside Clinics", which provides basic recommendations for blood pressure measurement in the clinics and outside the clinics. So, what should be paid attention to in home blood pressure monitoring?


1 Standard equipment should be used when measuring blood pressure


The guidelines point out that blood pressure measurement equipment should use standard and validated blood pressure measurement equipment. Electronic sphygmomanometers verified in ordinary adults may not be accurate for other special populations, including children, pregnant women, those with arm circumference> 42 cm, and patients with arrhythmia. In these groups, separate verification should be carried out.


The cuff size should match the arm circumference. A smaller size will overestimate blood pressure, while a larger size will underestimate blood pressure. A suitable cuff should meet the following standards: the length of the cuff is 75% to 100% of the circumference of the middle of the upper arm, and the width of the cuff is 37% to 50% of the circumference of the upper arm. Conical cuffs are more suitable for arm circumferences> 42 cm, because rectangular cuffs may overestimate blood pressure. The center of the balloon should be placed at the pulsation of the brachial artery in the anterior cubital fossa. The lower end of the cuff should be 2 to 3 cm above the elbow fossa. The top and bottom edges of the cuff should be tight, and a finger can be easily accommodated underneath. If you cannot use the upper arm cuff device to measure blood pressure, you can choose a proven wrist electronic blood pressure meter.


2 Keep quiet and relax your body during measurement


Pay attention to blood pressure measurement: keep the room quiet and the temperature comfortable; avoid smoking, drinking coffee, eating and exercising 30 minutes before the measurement; keep sitting and relax for 3 to 5 minutes, leaning on the back of the chair, legs not crossing, feet flat Place on the ground; during the blood pressure measurement, the measurer and the subject should avoid talking with others; bare arms, placed on the table, keeping the same level with the heart; take 3 blood pressure readings (if blood pressure is normal, take 2 readings), two The interval between readings is 1 minute, and the average of the 2 readings after use is calculated.


3 Home blood pressure monitoring is the preferred method for long-term follow-up

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